Acceptance of Montreal Protocol in Malaysia through Negotiation toward Sustainable Development: An Analysis Document and Response of Stakeholders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Malaysia has ratified the Montreal Protocol at the international level on the basis of responsibility in support the global effort to protect the environment. It shall be the responsibility of Malaysia to implement all the principles under the Montreal Protocol at local level. There were many challenges to include various stakeholders at early stages of adoption and subsequent implementation of the Montreal Protocol in Malaysia. One of the steps used in to tackle challenges in dealing with various stakeholders is through negotiations. Based on previous studies, there are two commonly used for negotiation at the local to tackle challenges in dealing with various stakeholders are soft and hard approaches. These two forms are said to be able to influence negotiations collaboration between stakeholders in the process of negotiating to implement the international environment agreements including the Montreal Protocol at the local level. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the nature of the relationship influences by soft and hard approaches on the acceptance and subsequent implementation of the Montreal Protocol at the local level. The methods involved in this study orientated by qualitative approach. Therefore, for the purpose of data used are the documents that show the involvement of stakeholders in the process of adoption and subsequent implementation of the Montreal Protocol at the local level. This documentation is then analyzed using content analysis procedures with the help of Nvivo software. From the document analysis results indicated that the nature relationship of soft and hard approaches were interdependence in shaping consensus and cooperation of stakeholders involved. Keywords: Montreal protocol; local level; stakeholders; international; Nvivo software ABSTRAK: Malaysia telah meratifikasi Protokol Montreal di peringkat antarabangsa atas dasar tanggungjawab untuk menyokong usaha global untuk melindungi alam sekitar. Adalah menjadi tanggungjawab Malaysia untuk melaksanakan semua prinsip-prinsip di bawah Protokol Montreal di peringkat tempatan. Terdapat banyak cabaran untuk memasukkan pelbagai pihak berkepentingan di peringkat awal penerimaan dan pelaksanaan berikutnya Protokol Montreal di Malaysia. Salah satu langkah yang digunakan dalam menangani cabaran dalam berurusan dengan pelbagai pihak berkepentingan adalah melalui rundingan. Berdasarkan kajian sebelum ini, terdapat dua yang biasa digunakan untuk rundingan pada peringkat tempatan untuk menangani cabaran dalam berurusan dengan pelbagai pihak berkepentingan pendekatan yang lembut dan keras. Kedua-dua bentuk dikatakan dapat mempengaruhi kerjasama perundingan antara pihak berkepentingan dalam proses rundingan untuk melaksanakan perjanjian alam sekitar antarabangsa termasuk Protokol Montreal di peringkat tempatan. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sifat pengaruh hubungan melalui pendekatan lembut dan keras terhadap penerimaan dan seterusnya perlaksanaan Protokol Montreal di peringkat tempatan. Kaedah yang terlibat dalam kajian ini berorientasikan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Oleh itu, bagi maksud data yang digunakan adalah dokumen yang menunjukkan penglibatan pihak berkepentingan dalam proses penerimaan dan pelaksanaan berikutnya Protokol Montreal di peringkat tempatan. Dokumentasi ini kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan prosedur analisis kandungan dengan bantuan perisian NVivo. Daripada dokumen keputusan analisis menunjukkan bahawa hubungan sifat pendekatan lembut dan keras adalah saling bergantung dalam membentuk konsensus dan kerjasama pelbagai pihak berkepentingan yang terlibat. Kata kunci: Montreal protokol; peringkat tempatan; pihak-pihak berkepentingan; antarabangsa; perisian NVivo
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.017 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".