Psychological Variables as Correlate of Special Olympic Sports Participation among Persons with Intellectual Disability in Lagos State, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The enthusiasm to participate in Special Olympic sports activities by persons with Intellectual Disability (ID) in Lagos, Nigeria, has been reduced. This research work, therefore, focused on psychological factors and Special Olympic sports participation among persons with mild Intellectual Disability (ID) in Lagos state, Nigeria. Method: Three research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A descriptive survey design was adopted; The study participants included 290 parents of persons with mild ID in Lagos state, Nigeria. Purposive and census sampling techniques were used to select the sample. A self-designed research instrument titled Psychological Factors and Sport Participation among Persons with Mild Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (PFSPPMIDQ) was used for data collection in this study. Simple linear regression was used as a tool for data analysis. Result: It was discovered that motivation, anxiety, and stress significantly influence sports participation among persons with mild ID in Lagos state, Nigeria. Conclusion: The study highlights the substantial effect of psychological factors like motivation, anxiety, and stress on Special Olympic sports participation in persons with mild intellectual disabilities in Nigeria. The findings stress the need for focused interventions to enhance motivation and alleviate anxiety and stress to improve participation levels. Special Olympics organizers and sports managers should implement strategies to create a more supportive and encouraging environment, ensuring increased engagement and participants' overall well-being.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".