Crystallographic and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by two different methods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research presents the synthesis of nanoparticles of ZnO (Nps-ZnO) obtained by two methods: chemical precipitation (method 1) and combustion in solution (method 2). The effect of each method on the crystallographic properties of Nps-ZnO is studied. The Nps-ZnO obtained present, according to EDS analysis, an atomic Zn: O ratio of 0.95 and 1.36 when two methods were used respectively. The formation of Nps-ZnO with Wurtzite-type hexagonal arrangement is confirmed with XRD analysis. XRD results show there is not a big difference between the lattice parameters and interplanar spacing for the samples obtained by the two synthesis methods. However, the Nps-ZnO obtained by chemical precipitation show higher values of dislocation density (1.780 × 10 − 3 ) nm − 2 than those obtained by combustion in solution (0.152 × 10 − 3 ) nm − 2 . A similar behavior is observed with the micro-strain values (2.137 × 10 − 3 -6.388 × 10 − 3 ) and (1.170 × 10 − 3 -1.971 × 10 − 3 ), respectively. TEM images show nanoparticles with mean diameters between 17.2 ± 10.8 nm and 73.4 ± 6.0 nm when the method of chemical precipitation and combustion in solution were applied, respectively. Larger and semi-square nanoparticles are formed with the combustion in solution method is applied. Size of Nps-ZnO estimated from TEM images analysis, Debye-Scherer’s formula and Rietveld refinement are highly inter-correlated. Finally, the Nps-ZnO presented a narrow bandgap of 3.19 eV and 3.16 eV, a value lower than that of the bulk material (3.7 eV). No drastic change in bandgap is observed for samples synthesized with two different methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".