Minimally invasive snakebite inspired microneedle delivery system for internal organs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Efficient distribution of therapeutics to the targeted site, particularly internal organs, is essential for their therapeutic success. Here, we developed a therapeutic delivery system targeting internal organs, which features a mechanism akin to a snake's jaw for grasping and deploying detachable microneedles (MNs) embedded with therapeutics. This solves the current challenges of delivering microneedle patches without open chest or abdominal wall surgery. We showed an example of this technology via delivering exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) directly to the heart's damaged regions via percutaneous minimally invasive surgery. The shell of MNs is fabricated from methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA), which ensures mechanical strength for myocardium penetration, while the hyaluronic acid (HA) core allows a sustained release of exosomes. In a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI), the delivery of exosomes-loaded microneedles (XOs-MNs) resulted in angiomyogenesis and promoted cardiac function. The feasibility of this microneedle delivery method was also confirmed in a pig model. With its capability to encapsulate a wide range of therapeutic formulations, our system presents a versatile platform for the minimally invasive administration of treatments to internal organs. We developed a minimally invasive microneedle system inspired by snake anatomy, capable of delivering MSC-derived exosomes to damaged heart tissue for cardiac repair, with potential for therapeutic delivery to internal organs. • Developed a minimally invasive microneedle delivery system to internal organs inspired by snake anatomy. • Designed microneedles with MeHA shell and HA core for penetration and sustained exosome release. • Delivered MSC-derived exosomes directly to damaged heart tissue in a rat MI model for cardiac repair. • Confirmed feasibility of microneedle delivery in a porcine model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".