3-D seismic-based morphometric analysis of Silurian pinnacle reefs, southern Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper presents the first 3-D seismic-based statistical analyses of Silurian pinnacle reef morphology from the Michigan Basin. Using a patchwork of small 3-D seismic surveys from southwestern Ontario, 35 such reefs were mapped. Pinnacle outlines were mapped by defining onlap of younger strata onto the steeply dipping reef margin. Most morphometric data presented herein, including reef length, width, area, orientation, and other parameters, were derived from a GIS-based workflow. These pinnacles are quite small (almost all pinnacles are < 0.5 km2 in areal extent) compared to global datasets of reef morphology. The most areally extensive reefs tend to be the tallest, and reefs tend to get larger towards the basin center. Most are somewhat oval shaped, and the axes of the most elongated reefs tend to strike parallel to the paleobathymetry. 3-D seismic-based analyses are supplemented herein with data from reefs mapped using 2-D seismic, logs, and/or gravity data to show that the spacing between all reefs in the study area (n = 128) is generally 1–2 km, but some reefs are 4 km or more from the nearest other buildup. These morphometric data, combined with other analyses, were used to refute an alternative interpretation of pinnacle origin. Although the analyses presented herein provide a unique descriptive dataset for analyzing Silurian pinnacle reefs, interpreting the genetic significance of our results would require additional work that integrates them with sedimentologic and seismic stratigraphic analyses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".