Structural determinants of rotavirus proteolytic activation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The infectivity of rotavirus (RV), the leading cause of childhood diarrhea, hinges on the activation of viral particles through the proteolysis of the spike protein by trypsin-like proteases in the host intestinal lumen. Despite comprehensive structural characterization of the virus particle, the structural rationale behind the necessity of trypsin digestion of the VP4 protein for infectivity remains poorly understood. In this study, using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and advanced image processing techniques, we compared uncleaved and cleaved RV virions and found that the conformation of the non-proteolyzed spike is constrained by the position of loops that surround its structure, linking the lectin domains of the spike head to its body. The proteolysis of these loops removes this structural constraint, thereby enabling the spike to undergo the necessary conformational changes required for cell membrane penetration. Thus, these loops function as regulatory elements to ensure that the spike protein is activated precisely when and where it is needed to facilitate a successful infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".