Expression of interleukin-18 in primary Sjögren syndrome and its potential mechanisms with disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Interleukin-18 (IL-18), an IL-1 family cytokine with potent ability to induce interferon gamma production and enhance Th1 response, was elevated in a group of autoimmune diseases including primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). IL-18 dysregulation can contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders by exerting function in innate and adaptive immunity. This study is aimed at comparing the level of IL-18 in pSS patients and explored the association between IL-18 and pSS. METHODS: Six databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria. We analyzed IL-18 concentrations in the serum and tear of pSS patients and healthy controls (HCs), and review the potential mechanism between IL-18 and pSS. RESULTS: Eleven articles were included in this study, which reported IL-18 levels in serum and tear of pSS patients and HCs. IL-18 levels in pSS patients were significantly higher than those in HCs (standard mean difference = 1.28, 95% confidence interval 0.75-1.82, P < .001), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 90%, P < .001) among the studies. The level of IL-18 in serum was analyzed separately and was also higher than those in HCs (standard mean difference = 1.28, 95% confidence interval 0.68-1.88, P < .001), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 91%, P < .001). Apart from that, the potential pathogenesis of pSS was concluded comprehensively. CONCLUSION: IL-18 abundance was evidently elevated in pSS patients and can thus likely be used as a reliable biomarker to monitor and track the progression of pSS, and further to become a good target for treatment of pSS patient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".