Structure and Roles of Phospholipase C (PLC), Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) in Metabolism and Disease: A Systematic Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes are vital for various body functions as they facilitate key signaling pathways that regulate numerous physiological processes. PLC in eukaryotic cells converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) into inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP 3 ), and diacylglycerol, a pivotal pathway modulating intracellular calcium levels. The systematic review investigates the structural characteristics and metabolic pathways of PLC, PIP 2 , and IP 3 within human systems, examining isoform functions of PLC and potential therapeutic applications. Specifically, different PLC subfamilies and isozymes across cells and tissues can alter the effect of the pathway through distinct PIP 2 binding affinities, enzyme expressions, activation modes, and activity rates. PIP 2 , an inner membrane component, participates in multiple signaling pathways—PLC, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate—modulating diverse cellular functions. The secondary messenger IP 3 predominantly regulates intracellular Ca 2+ levels via IP 3 receptor-associated calcium ion channels. Alterations in this pathway, from PLC mutations to receptor variations and antagonist presence, can impact human cellular functions with diverse clinical implications. Therapeutic potential exists to modulate specific functions through the PLC-PIP 2 -IP 3 pathway, though certain PLC targets are challenging for drug development due to their critical roles and complex networks. Further research is necessary to comprehensively grasp the clinical implications and potential of targeting specific pathway components.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".