Electromagnetic interference shielding in soft, lightweight, and flexible conducting polymer-based sponges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Developing highly efficient, low-density, and mechanically flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials based on conducting polymers has gained significant momentum for suppressing electromagnetic pollution. In our work, we investigated the EMI shielding behavior of uniaxially compressible sponges using the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedixoythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) in the X-band frequency range of 8–12.4 GHz. Two types of PEDOT:PSS sponges, type-I with glycerol and (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxy silane and type-II containing glycerol and polyethylene glycol, were prepared by freeze-drying method. Both sponges exhibited a rapid decrease in resistance for the initial compressive strain of less than 20%, which stabilized at higher compressive strains. This behavior was likely due to the complex 3D porous structures of the sponges and was linked to the creation of new electrical contacts due to pore collapse under compressive strain. The enhanced electrical conductivity, porous structure, large surface area, and many internal surfaces resulted in exceptional EMI shielding for PEDOT:PSS sponges, achieving shielding values as high as 44 dB and 72 dB, respectively. The EMI shielding in these materials was primarily dominated by the reflection process. This work contributes to developing flexible and high-efficiency EMI shielding materials for flexible electronic applications in the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".