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Record W4408877295 · doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116985

Overview of laser imprinted refractive index changes and related thermal stability in mid-infrared optical glasses

2025· article· en· W4408877295 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueOptical Materials · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicLaser Material Processing Techniques
Canadian institutionsUniversité Laval
FundersAgence Nationale de la Recherche
KeywordsRefractive indexInfraredMaterials scienceThermal stabilityLaserOpticsMid infraredOptoelectronicsChemistryPhysics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Various glass compositions adapted to mid-infrared (heavy metal oxide, fluoride and chalcogenide glasses) were irradiated by femtosecond laser and their refractive index variations characterized as a function of laser pulse energy. Their thermal stability was studied through isochronal annealing conditions in order to determine their erasure temperatures. The measured index variations were compared to values collected from literature for a broad range of glass candidates. Additional chalcogenide glasses studied in this article (e.g. GeSbS and 75GeS 2 -15In 2 S 3 –10CsCl) present very high refractive index variations (up to 5.5·10 −2 ), almost 3 times the maximum value reported in heavy metal oxide glasses (2·10 −2 , Corning 9754) or SiO 2 , bringing interest for the development of mid-infrared optical devices. Nevertheless, they can be limited by their relatively low thermal stability, since the refractive index variations fully erase around their glass transition temperatures (typ. 200–300 °C for chalcogenide glasses studied herein). • Fs laser direct writing creates index changes in mid-IR glasses, being useful for optical devices and sensors. • Chalcogenide glasses offer the highest refractive index contrast compared to heavy metal oxide and fluoride glasses. • In chalcogenides, these changes disappear at 200–300 °C during isochronal annealing, due to structural relaxation.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.020
Threshold uncertainty score0.728

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.018
GPT teacher head0.274
Teacher spread0.256 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it