Replacing corn and soybean meal with a combination of wheat bran and urea on performance of grazing suckling beef calves
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing corn and soybean meal with a combination of wheat bran and urea in a protein-energy supplement on productive, nutritional, and metabolic characteristics of grazing suckling beef calves. Fifty-two Nellore calves (87±4.95 days of age; 111.3±5.98 kg of initial body weight [BW]) were allocated in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 13 replicates. The 140-d trial evaluated treatments consisting of progressive replacing corn and soybean meal with wheat bran and urea (0, 50, and 100%) and a control group receiving only mineral mixture. Supplements were formulated to contain 20% of crude protein (CP), provided in the amount of 7 g kg-1 BW. Dry matter, organic matter, CP, total digestible nutrients and digested organic matter (DOM) intake were higher for animals receiving supplementation than those without supplementation (P<0.01). Among the animals that receiving protein-energy supplementation, the non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) intake displayed a linear decreasing effect, while for the CP-to-DOM ratio a linear increasing effect was observed (P=0.006). The NFC digestibility was higher for the animals that received supplement (P=0.035), and among these animals a linear decreasing response for DOM digestibility was observed (P=0.046). Additionally, the neutral detergent fiber digestibility of these animals showed a quadratic response (P=0.023). Overall, the supplemented animals exhibiting a higher BW at weaning (P=0.047). However, no differences were observed in the performance among the supplemented calves (P>0.05). Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 and serum urea nitrogen were higher for animals receiving supplementation (P<0.041). In conclusion, replacing corn and soybean meal with a combination of wheat bran and urea as a source of protein-energy supplement at 7 g kg-1 BW is recommended for suckling beef calves on tropical pastures.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it