Influence of personality traits on the response of a modelled population of stream-dwelling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to microplastics consumption
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microplastics in freshwater habitats are consumed by fish, including stream-dwelling salmonids, which can alter food consumption or negatively affect swimming and foraging behaviour. As population-level effects are largely unknown, a population of stream-dwelling rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was simulated using the agent-based model ‘inSTREAM 7’ to model population-level effects (biomass) of behavioural changes caused by microplastics consumption. Individual fish were assigned all possible combinations of two personality traits (dominance, boldness/shyness) and consumed microplastics while foraging; and their microplastics consumption, body length and abundance were tracked for three different life stages (fry, juvenile, adult) for a period of 10 years. Three scenarios were explored: a low-impact scenario with microplastics causing decreased food consumption, a medium-impact scenario which added lower swimming speed and a high-impact scenario with additional reductions of foraging efficiency. Each scenario was tested for microplastics concentrations of 0%, 1% (i.e. current levels) and 3% (i.e. future levels) of drift food. Overall, microplastics consumption did not strongly affect trout abundance. Dominant adult trout consumed disproportionally more microplastics than all other fish, especially at higher microplastic concentrations. Personality traits influenced the response of the trout to microplastics ingestion: dominant and bold adults were smaller when food consumption was reduced; shy and subordinate adults were smaller when swimming speed was lowered; and all dominant adults, regardless of boldness, were smaller when foraging efficiency was impeded, with dominant and bold fry also less abundant in this scenario. However, effects on fish body length were only found at microplastic concentrations of 3%, indicating these outcomes can be prevented, as current levels of microplastics pollution are below this concentration. Nevertheless, microplastics ingestion may become an additional stressor that interacts with the myriad of mostly anthropogenic stressors that already affect wild salmonid populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".