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Behaviour of gold during partial melting of supra subduction zone mantle wedge

2025· article· en· W4408897864 on OpenAlex
Carolina Mafra, Robert R. Loucks, Marco L. Fiorentini

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueEarth-Science Reviews · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicGeological and Geochemical Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersRio TintoAustralian Research CouncilGoldcorpAngloGold Ashanti
KeywordsSubductionMantle wedgeGeologyPartial meltingMantle (geology)Wedge (geometry)GeochemistryPetrologyGeophysicsSeismologyTectonicsOpticsPhysics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Gold-rich magmatic-hydrothermal deposits form in atypical convergent plate-margin tectonic settings conducive to melting lithospheric mantle. Deposits tend to be associated with K 2 O-enriched arc magmas, but ultrapotassic magmas are almost never gold-fertile. Our global compilations of chemical compositions of peridotite xenoliths and of near-primary mafic melts reveal that, during mantle-wedge melting, Au typically has a melt/restite partition coefficient like Yb and Na, much higher than Cu and PGEs. Redox-sensitive element ratios in primitive mafic melts in gold provinces typically indicate ƒO 2 conditions like ordinary arc magmas. Lithophile-element ratios in primitive mafic melts reveal that Au-fertile melts form from garnet-undersaturated, hornblende(±phlogopite)-bearing sources within spinel lherzolite facies, constraining most melting to pressures ≲1.8 GPa and temperatures ≲1100°C, below the solidus of monosulphide solid solution (MSS) of typical mantle composition. Therefore, silicate melts acquire metallogenic fertility primarily by selectively dissolving Au in crystalline MSS. We highlight Au enrichment in lithospheric mantle due to zone refining during orogenic thickening of lithospheric mantle, wherein incompatible-element-rich partial melts are generated by hornblende breakdown at its depth limit and migrate into overlying cooler lithospheric mantle. Fractional crystallisation during ascent of these low-degree melts as hornblende + MSS ± phlogopite-bearing metasomatic veins generates enriched domains within the lithospheric mantle. These low-temperature veins selectively re-melt later upon hydration, decompression, or heating, producing Au-fertile melts in extensional and contractional tectonic settings. Our case studies of gold provinces in rift and orogenic stress settings indicate similar mantle melt compositions but magmatic differentiation trends that diverge according to tectonic stress regime. • Source of Au-fertile melts has ƒO 2 conditions similar to ordinary arc magmas. • Gold behaves as moderately incompatible during mantle-wedge melting. • Gold-fertile magmas derive from hornblende(±phlogopite)-bearing sources. • Silicate melt acquires Au fertility by dissolving crystalline MSS.

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Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.080
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.244
Teacher spread0.225 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it