Influence of Meltwater from Labrador Sea Ice and Icebergs Transported Via the Flemish Cap on the Long-Term North Atlantic Cold Anomaly
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The long-term North Atlantic Cold Anomaly (Cold Blob, CB) was largely defined by three major episodes of low sea surface temperature (SST) in the subpolar North Atlantic in 1972–1974, 1984–1985 and 1991–1994. Without these cold periods, there would have been no CB. Each of these episodes correlated with unusually low SST at the Flemish Cap (a subsurface island of the Canadian continental shelf) and with periods of high sea ice cover over the deep basin of the Labrador Sea a year earlier. These cold periods at the Flemish Cap and the CB were associated with the advance of sea ice and icebergs to the Flemish Cap, high iceberg counts off the coast of Newfoundland and the encroachment of icebergs on the path of the North Atlantic Current (NAC). Studies of SST anomalies in high iceberg years provided evidence for surface connections between the Flemish Cap and the CB utilizing part of the NAC pathway. We propose that in the cold periods, residual meltwater from sea ice and icebergs conveyed in the Labrador Current to the Flemish Cap was relayed via the NAC to the subpolar North Atlantic to form the CB. After 1995, anomalous ice expansion in the Labrador Sea basin greatly diminished, sea ice and icebergs did not reach the Flemish Cap and cold meltwater was no longer transmitted to the subpolar North Atlantic to sustain the CB. These observations make it difficult to see how the CB could be relevant to mooted changes in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and associated impacts on regional climate in the twenty-first century.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".