Audio-Vestibular Findings in Young Regular and Non-Regular Personal Music System Users
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Younger adults frequently utilize personal music systems (PMSs) for extended periods for leisure. It has been reported in the literature that hearing abilities are affected in such individuals. However, its effect on auditory processing abilities and the vestibular system remains unclear. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the audiological and vestibular functioning in young adults who use PMSs regularly. Methods: Forty participants between 18 and 25 years of age were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 20 regular PMSs users from 2 to 3 years, and group 2 comprised 20 participants who were non-regular PMSs users. Detailed audiological evaluations were carried out on 15 participants in each group, and vestibular evaluations were carried out on all the participants. Results: It was observed that the extended high-frequency hearing thresholds and otoacoustic emissions were affected in the regular PMSs users. The gap in noise test and vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing revealed that temporal resolution abilities and vestibular system functioning are also compromised among regular PMS users. Conclusion: Thus, this study highlights the subtle vestibular and auditory impairments that PMS may produce in young adults, as well as the significance of a battery of tests to detect them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".