FREQUENCY AND ASSOCIATION OF COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVETo assess the frequency of cognitive impairment and sociodemographic association among patients with schizophrenia presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.STUDY DESIGNDescriptive cross-sectional studyPLACE AND DURATION OF STUDYOutpatient Department of Psychiatry at Dr Ruth K.M. Pfau. Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was 6 months from February 6, 2020, to August 5, 2020. METHODOne hundred thirty patients with schizophrenia were assessed using the Urdu version of Montreal cognitive assessment questionnaire. RESULTSout of the 100 patients, 66 had significant cognitive impairment accounting for more than half of the study population at 50.8%. Age, duration of illness and gender showed significant association with cognitive dysfunction in these patients. CONCLUSIONCognitive dysfunction is a frequent finding in patients with schizophrenia. Future research is needed to investigate the factors increasing its risk.KEYWORDSCognition; Memory; Outpatients; Pakistan; Schizophrenia; Tertiary Care Centres.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".