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Record W4408936194 · doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(24)00513-8

Democratising clinical trials research to strengthen primary health care

2025· review· en· W4408936194 on OpenAlexaff
Christopher Butler, Robert Mash, Nina Gobat, Paul Little, Mpundu Makasa, Martha Makwero, Edward J. Mills, Regina Wing Shan Sit, Max Bachmann

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Lancet Global Health · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldHealth Professions
TopicPrimary Care and Health Outcomes
Canadian institutionsMcMaster UniversityImpact
FundersEuropean and Developing Countries Clinical Trials PartnershipDepartment of Health and Social CareNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchNational Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research UnitWorld Health OrganizationEuropean CommissionBill and Melinda Gates Foundation
KeywordsPrimary health carePrimary careClinical trialMedicineMEDLINEFamily medicineEnvironmental healthPolitical sciencePopulationInternal medicine

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The World Health Assembly has called for clinical trials to be strengthened, with broader demographic and geographical inclusion of populations. The objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of rigorous evidence to maximise the health gains of primary health care, and to identify strategies for strengthening clinical trials in primary care. Clinical trials should evaluate interventions of all kinds, including preventive manoeuvres, diagnostics, health service research questions, behavioural and educational interventions, vaccines, therapeutics, and policies. Single question trials can be inefficient and seldom strengthen health systems. New approaches that develop or strengthen health research infrastructure and embed research in primary care will identify effective interventions faster, how to deliver them better, and more accurately determine to whom they should be applied. When patients and community members, together with researchers, contribute to conception, design, and delivery, research will result in more useful, relevant evidence. Traditional site-based recruitment (where the participant comes to the trial) can be complemented by approaches that give people the opportunity to contribute regardless of where they live and receive their health care (taking the trials to the people). However, this cannot be done until regulation is modernised to make it easier for health-care professionals, researchers, and research participants to co-design, deliver, and implement such trials, and to develop processes to coordinate and monitor progress against goals for budget shifts, delivery, engagement, trials activity, and impact. Strengthening primary care trials is especially important in those regions where primary care is most under-resourced and is key to pandemic preparedness. Not doing so risks widening inequities further.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.100
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.008
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMetaresearch, Meta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesMetaresearch
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.516
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.1000.008
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0140.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.003
Science and technology studies0.0050.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0030.002
Research integrity0.0010.008
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.673
GPT teacher head0.724
Teacher spread0.051 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations12
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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