A comparative nutrient analysis of multiple Saskatchewan wild rice (Zizania palustris L.) populations and commercially available grains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wild rice ( Zizania spp.) is an aquatic grass grown in North America and East Asia. It is an ancient food source for Indigenous Peoples and is now commercially available as a specialty grain. Despite interest in its nutritional profile, a systematic investigation is lacking. In this work, a thorough analysis of the nutrient components in fresh and processed wild rice from northern Saskatchewan was conducted. This covered macronutrients (proteins, starch and lipids), micronutrients (vitamin Bs and minerals), phenolic compounds and their antioxidant potential. Compared to selected cultivated rice and wheat grains, wild rice has higher protein content (9.8–12.1 %), similar levels of starch (73.7–76.5 %), and lower amounts of lipid (around 1 %) with a significantly higher proportion of omega-3 fatty acids (50–57 %) than rice (33–40 %). Compared to wheat, wild rice has twice the level of total vitamin B (77.1–107.2 μg/g), and three times the concentration of soluble phenolic compounds (87.6–111.7 μg/g). Strong antioxidant potential was also observed in wild rice (2.6–4.9 mg/g, trolox equivalent). Wild rice is a good source of minerals including potassium (1963–3031 μg/g), sulfur (1385–1757 μg/g), phosphorous (2215–3667 μg/g), magnesium (662–969 μg/g), and calcium (73–110 μg/g). The results showed that wild rice is a nutrition rich grain well suited for a healthy diet. • Wild rice has twice the level of total vitamin Bs as found in wheat. • Wild rice has higher antioxidant capability than wheat or cultivated rice. • Industrial processing impacts the nutritional quality and bioactivity of wild rice. • Wild rice is shown to be a nutrition-rich, gluten-free healthy grain.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".