A New Prognostic Indicator for Biliary Tract Cancers: The ABIC Score
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Biliary tract cancers (BTC) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies, including gallbladder cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The main determinants of prognosis in BTC are the stage of the disease and the eligibility for curative treatment. Additionally, liver functional capacity is also one of the factors influencing survival in biliary tract cancers. The age–bilirubin–INR–creatinine (ABIC) score has been previously shown to predict prognosis in hepatic diseases. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the relationship between the ABIC score and prognosis in BTC. Materials and Methods: In this study, a retrospective analysis was performed on 41 patients with non-metastatic BTC and 73 patients with metastatic BTC who were followed up in our clinic between 2003 and 2025. All patients were ≥18 years old at the time of diagnosis, and BTC was pathologically confirmed. The ABIC score was calculated separately for each group. A threshold value for the ABIC score was determined using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, and based on this threshold, patients were divided into low and high ABIC score groups. Both the relationship between the ABIC score and prognosis and the other factors affecting prognosis were investigated. Results: In the non-metastatic BTC group, the cutoff value for the ABIC score was 6.89. The median survival time of patients with a high ABIC score was significantly shorter. In the metastatic BTC group, the cutoff value for the ABIC score was 7.41. Similarly, in this group, patients with a high ABIC score had a significantly shorter median survival time. Additionally, in the non-metastatic BTC group, tumor localization and stage were prognostic factors affecting survival, while in the metastatic BTC group, CEA and first-line chemotherapy were the prognostic factors influencing overall survival. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the ABIC score is a prognostic factor determining median survival in both non-metastatic and metastatic BTC patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".