Evaluation of the Clinical Nursing Effects of a Traditional Chinese Medicine Nursing Program Based on Care Pathways for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To improve the performance of health care institutions, reduce overmedication, and minimize the waste of medical resources, China is committed to implementing a clinical pathway management model. This study aims to standardize nursing practices, foster clinical thinking in nurses, and promote patient recovery. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing program based on nursing pathways for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: This study uses a prospective, randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled design. Based on sample size calculations, the study will include 594 patients with diabetes, with 2 groups of 297 patients: an observation group will receive a TCM nursing program based on clinical pathways, while a control group will receive routine care. Both groups will be evaluated before and after the intervention using assessment indicators. The primary outcome is the quality of life score, measured by a diabetes-specific quality of life questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include hospital stay duration, medical expenses, health knowledge, blood glucose control, symptom scores, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: This study was funded in August 2021 and has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (2022-022-KY-01). The trial is ongoing, with the first patient enrolled in September 2022. The study is expected to conclude in April 2025. To date, 380 patients have been recruited, with 202 randomized into the study, though no statistical analysis of the data has yet been conducted. A single-blind method is used; nurses are aware of group assignments and intervention plans, while patients remain blinded. Final results are planned for release in the first quarter of 2025. CONCLUSIONS: This study seeks to integrate existing national standardized nursing protocols with clinical pathways to implement more efficient and higher-quality nursing practices. The goal is to standardize nursing procedures, enhance patients' quality of life, and improve self-care and medication adherence after discharge. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry ITMCTR2022000048; https://tinyurl.com/y4jd68h4. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/58951.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.046 | 0.033 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.013 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.037 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".