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Record W4409071390 · doi:10.1051/sm/2025006

Obtenir les Jeux olympiques d’hiver de 1968 : conflit entre alliés de l’OTAN

2025· article· fr· W4409071390 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Heather L. Dichter

Bibliographic record

VenueMovement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité · 2025
Typearticle
Languagefr
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicHistorical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Sept villes se sont portées candidates pour les Jeux olympiques d’hiver de 1968, dont quatre appartenant à des États membres de l’OTAN : Lake Placid (États-Unis), Grenoble (France), Calgary (Canada) et Oslo (Norvège). Dans les années 1960, le sport international a dû faire face à la politique de la guerre froide qui a eu un impact sur la possibilité d’organiser des événements sportifs. Le Comité international olympique (CIO) a demandé à chaque ville candidate aux Jeux olympiques de 1968 de fournir une garantie gouvernementale que tous les participants seraient autorisés à entrer dans le pays s’il était choisi comme hôte. Les quatre États membres de l’OTAN ont compris qu’ils devaient travailler ensemble pour s’assurer que chacune de leurs réponses en faveur de leurs villes candidates respectives satisfasse le CIO tout en ne violant pas les accords de l’OTAN. Aucun de ces États ne voulait que les réponses de sa ville l’excluent inutilement de la sélection de l’hôte olympique. La demande du CIO d’une garantie gouvernementale au nom des villes hôtes des Jeux olympiques de 1968 a impliqué les gouvernements. Les actions des diplomates de l’OTAN et de leurs ministères des affaires étrangères ont finalement influencé la sélection de l’hôte olympique.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.381
Threshold uncertainty score0.757

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0080.003
Scholarly communication0.0030.001
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0070.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.264
Teacher spread0.246 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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