Seasonal Assessment of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formed through Aqueous Pathways in the Eastern United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the importance of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA), several uncertainties remain regarding its formation. These include the seasonal contributions of aqSOA to the total SOA mass and the relative proportions formed via reversible versus irreversible pathways. In this study, we use measurements of seasonal water-soluble organic compounds in the particle and gaseous phases (i.e., WSOC p and WSOC g, respectively) at a site in the eastern U.S. to quantify aqSOA concentrations as well as its reversible and irreversible fractions within each season. We show evidence that aqSOA concentrations present a significant contribution to total SOA mass during the nighttime in the eastern U.S. with ∼30 and ∼50% in the cold and warm seasons, respectively. Further, aqSOA mass is mostly formed through irreversible pathways, except during the warm seasons, where reversible partitioning of WSOC g accounts for ∼10% of the total SOA mass (∼20% of aqSOA mass). Comparisons between the seasonally measured aqSOA concentrations and their counterpart community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) modeled mass provide evidence that accounting for additional reversible and irreversible aqSOA pathways could improve model predictions of SOA concentrations and close the current gap between those predictions and field observations. This work holds valuable implications for the atmospheric chemistry of multiphase aerosol formation and its accurate representation in chemical transport models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".