Effects of Gas Exchange on Acid‐Base Balance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper describes the interactions between ventilation and acid‐base balance under a variety of conditions including rest, exercise, altitude, pregnancy, and various muscle, respiratory, cardiac, and renal pathologies. We introduce the physicochemical approach to assessing acid‐base status and demonstrate how this approach can be used to quantify the origins of acid‐base disorders using examples from the literature. The relationships between chemoreceptor and metaboreceptor control of ventilation and acid‐base balance summarized here for adults, youth, and in various pathological conditions. There is a dynamic interplay between disturbances in acid‐base balance, that is, exercise, that affect ventilation as well as imposed or pathological disturbances of ventilation that affect acid‐base balance. Interactions between ventilation and acid‐base balance are highlighted for moderate‐ to high‐intensity exercise, altitude, induced acidosis and alkalosis, pregnancy, obesity, and some pathological conditions. In many situations, complete acid‐base data are lacking, indicating a need for further research aimed at elucidating mechanistic bases for relationships between alterations in acid‐base state and the ventilatory responses. © 2012 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 2:2203‐2254, 2012.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".