Static postural balance and manual dexterity are sex-dependent among a sample of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sex differences in physical, psycho-cognitive and sleep disorders, neuropathic pain and perceived fatigue related to multiple sclerosis (MS) have been studied, but contradictory findings were found. MS studies regarding difference between men and women in postural balance are very scarce and based on subjective assessments. We aimed to investigate the sex difference effects on postural balance and other physical measures among a sample of MS patients. METHODS: Data from 8 men and 12 women with MS were compared. The assessed parameters were: static and dynamic postural balance (force platform), manual dexterity (Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT)), leg muscle strength (Five-Repetition Sit-To-Stand Test), functional mobility (Timed up and Go Test), walking speed (Timed 25-Foot Walk Test), fall risk (Four Square Step Test), cognitive functions (Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) and React software), neuropathic pain (Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire 4 (DN4)), perceived fatigue (Hooper index), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and sleep quality (Spiegel's questionnaire). RESULTS: = 0.003, g = 1.59) than men. No significant sex differences were found for the remaining parameters. CONCLUSION: Based on this study among a sample of MS patients, women showed poorer static postural balance and manual dexterity than men probably due to their higher neuropathic pain and cognitive decline. These sex differences should be considered when organizing therapeutic training programs for this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".