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Record W4409126073 · doi:10.11594/ijmaber.06.03.05

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions – A Study of Filipino Canadians

2025· article· en· W4409126073 on OpenAlexaffabout
Dave Estrella

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Business and Education Research · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMultilingual Education and Policy
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Ottawa
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHofstede's cultural dimensions theorySociologyGeographyPsychologySocial science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Understanding Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions is the tool that this researcher used to examine the cultural differences between Philip-pines and Canada, as well as new emerging culture of the Filipino Ca-nadians as a sub-group of cultures. This research study examines the different cultural dimensions - Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoid-ance, Individualism / Collectivism, Masculinity / Femininity, and Short Term / Long Term Orientation to understand the factors affect-ing the underrepresentation of Filipino Canadian Engineers in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry in Canada. The respondents of this research study are internationally trained Filipino Canadian Engineers who are also members of the Associa-tion of Filipino Canadian Engineers (AFCE). The researcher used a combination of self-made Survey Questionnaires published on Google Forms and face-to-face interviews. The questionnaires were sent via email and/or social media platforms such as Messenger and LinkedIn. The data collected were tallied, analyzed, interpreted and summa-rized using statistical treatments such as Mean, Pearson r correlation, Standard Deviation and Frequency. The study revealed that Filipinos have assimilated well into the Canadian Society in terms of the Hof-stede’s Cultural Dimensions with the exemption of Collectivism. In terms of Power Distance, Filipino Canadians revealed a low score while in the Motivation towards Achievement and Success, Filipino Canadians prefer a more work-life balance, both comparable to Cana-dians. The study also revealed that many Filipino Canadian Engineers feel that they are underrepresented in the Engineering and Construc-tion industry in their new home, Canada. Filipinos should start con-versations on Diversity and Inclusion to mitigate this problem. These findings will help community leaders to develop courses and pro-grams that will help pave the way for Filipinos to effectively assimi-late to a diverse and inclusive Canadian society.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: Qualitative
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.260
Threshold uncertainty score0.984

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.095
GPT teacher head0.528
Teacher spread0.433 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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