Fatty Acid Signatures in People With HIV: Association With Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Offspring Anthropometrics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We assessed the association of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in pregnant people with HIV (PWH) with pregnancy outcomes and offspring anthropometrics. SETTING: This is a cohort of 264 pregnant PWH, and their HIV-exposed uninfected children, enrolled in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Nutrition sub-study from 2009-2011. METHODS: We measured third-trimester plasma omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA content, each as a percentage of total fatty acid content, via esterification and gas chromatography. Omega-6:omega-3 ratios were calculated. Pregnancy outcomes were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation), and small-for-gestational age (birthweight <10th percentile). Childhood anthropometrics outcomes were Z-scores for age and sex: 1) weight and length/height (birth to 5 years of age), 2) head circumference (1-2 years), and 3) triceps skinfold thickness (2-5 years). Log-binomial regression models estimated pregnancy outcome prevalence ratios by omega-6:omega-3 ratios as a continuous variable. Linear regression models using generalized estimating equations assessed childhood anthropometric outcomes in those with omega-6:omega-3 ratios >25th versus ≤25th percentile. RESULTS: Each 1% increase in the omega-6:omega-3 ratio was associated with a 25% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8-43%) and 10% (95% CI 3-18%) higher prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm birth, respectively, and 13% (95% CI 1-23%) lower prevalence of small-for-gestational age. A difference in childhood anthropometric outcomes was not identified at any time point between exposure groups. CONCLUSION: Higher omega-6:omega-3 ratios in pregnant PWH were positively associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm birth, inversely associated with small-for-gestational age birth, and not associated with childhood anthropometric trajectories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".