Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Endometriosis, and Venous Thromboembolism: A Population-Based Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of studies on the association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis and the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to evaluate the association between PCOS, endometriosis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS: This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases. We examined the association between PCOS and endometriosis with DVT and PE from a cohort of 12,814,970 female patients, aged 18-49 years, who were hospitalized between 2007 and 2014. RESULTS: We observed increasing trends, with a relative increase of 140% (from 0.27% to 0.65%) for PCOS, 16% (from 0.43% to 0.50%) for DVT, and 39% (from 0.23% to 0.32%) for PE, whereas we observed a decline by 34% for endometriosis (from 0.85% to 0.56%). The unadjusted analysis showed an association between PCOS and VTE, which remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 2.00-2.33 and OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 2.23-2.67 for DVT and PE, respectively). The association between endometriosis and VTE was age-dependent, with an increased risk of VTE among women 18-24 years whereas this risk was decreased among those 35 years and older. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates an association between PCOS and VTE and an age-dependent association between endometriosis and VTE.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".