Edible films based on gum tragacanth and gelatin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gelatin (GL) is one of the most utilized biopolymers due to its versatile physicochemical properties. However, replacing animal-based proteins in food and drug formulations has become a significant research area due to environmental and health concerns. Gum tragacanth (GT) is a promising polysaccharide with water-soluble and water-swellable parts. In this study, edible films were prepared using two methods, where different GT:GL volumetric ratios (1:0, 1:1, 1:3, 3:1, and 0:1) were prepared based on 1% w/v GT and 5% w/w GL. The dried films were exposed to distilled (DI) water and salt solution (0.5 M CaCl2 or NaCl). The effects of preparation methods and the film thickness on the swelling properties of the films were investigated. The films were characterized via dimensional analysis, weight, and absorbance at 600 nm. The film-forming solutions exhibited non-Newtonian behavior. Gel-like behavior was observed only for 3GT1GL, and the rest of the solutions exhibited liquid-like behavior. The thickness of the films was in the range of 0.040–0.45 mm, and the weight of the films was between 0.040 and 0.55 g. 3GT1GL-5 was identified as the best-performing film in DI medium, H1GT1GL-5 and H1GT3GL-5 in CaCl2 and H1GT1GL-5, H1GT3GL-5, and H3GT1GL-10 in NaCl solutions. The swelling rate of composite films was dependent on the biopolymer mixing ratio, the thickness of the films, and the swelling media (p < 0.05). 5GL can be replaced by 3GT1GL, leading to 60% less biopolymer use. Hence, GT is a good alternative to replace GL with reduced overall biopolymer concentration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".