Ciliary marginal zone of the developing human retina maintains retinal progenitor cells until late gestational stages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-mammalian vertebrates maintain a proliferative cell population at the far periphery of their retina called the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ), which contributes to retinal regeneration upon injury. Humans do not maintain a proliferative CMZ into adulthood; however, it is unknown how long in development this region continues to generate neurons. Here, we identify a population of cells in the far-peripheral retina of the human that continues to proliferate after the rest of the retina is quiescent. Single-cell RNA sequencing and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine tracing at late developmental time points reveal that this region has the capacity to produce both early- and late-born cell types late in development and a longer cell cycle than more centrally located retinal progenitor cells (RPCs). Moreover, while most RPCs exit the cell cycle with the addition of a transforming growth factor β inhibitor, early RPCs within the CMZ do not. These findings define the late stages of neurogenesis in human retinal development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".