Healing Rate and Time to Closure of Venous Leg Ulcers: A Real-World Service Evaluation of Neuromuscular Electrostimulation as an Adjunct to Compression Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To perform a service evaluation of neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) as an adjunct to compression therapy, comparing the rate of wound margin advance and time to closure with a matched retrospective control group. METHODS: Fifteen patients with venous leg ulcers were prescribed NMES for 6 hours per day for 56 days or until wound closure (whichever occurred first), in addition to multilayer compression. Wounds were selected for size, with an inclusion criterion of a maximum of 12 cm 2 . Wound progress was compared with 15 retrospective control patients who were matched for ulcer size and duration. RESULTS: The retrospective group had a healing rate of 0.31 mm per week (95% CI, 29-37 mm/week), whereas the prospective compression plus NMES group had a healing rate of 0.56 mm per week (95% CI, 50-62 mm/week; P = .004). All wounds in both groups healed completely during the service evaluation. Mean time to closure for the retrospective group was 77 days (95% CI, 66-88 days), whereas the NMES group had a mean time to closure of 40 days (95% CI, 37-43 days; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: Adding NMES of the common peroneal nerve to a care bundle including multicomponent compression resulted in significantly faster wound margin advance and significantly less time to heal in comparison with retrospective matched controls. Future randomized controlled trials or self-controlled studies of this approach would be of great interest to inform clinical practice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".