Movements of Bald Eagles ( <i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i> ) after rehabilitation from lead poisoning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) have been negatively affected by environmental toxicants for decades, including lead. Although Bald Eagles are a well-studied species, little is known about their survival and movement after rehabilitation from lead poisoning. In this study, we used global positioning system transmitters to track and monitor three adult male Bald Eagles that were rehabilitated from lead poisoning in New York. We generated kernel density estimates (KDEs) to assess space use during the typical breeding season for Bald Eagles in New York (1 Feb ‒30 Jun). For the two eagles that survived, we estimated 95% KDEs of 2119 and 46,598 km2, and 50% KDEs of 258 and 7013 km2. For the eagle that died 55–61 days after release, we generated two minimum convex polygons (874 and 311 km2) representing separate areas of concentrated use. The two surviving eagles had different movement strategies, with one following a non-breeding migratory strategy to Canada, whereas the other used a non-breeding localized pattern mostly in New York. Mean minimum daily movement distances for the surviving birds were similar between individuals in both the typical breeding and non-breeding periods. However, the migratory individual exhibited more daily movements > 50 km (8%) than the non-migratory individual (2%). Our results represent the first available baseline survival and movement data for eagles post-rehabilitation from lead poisoning. The necropsy of the deceased bird in this study indicated a recurrence of lead poisoning. We recommend the tracking of Bald Eagles for extended periods after lead poisoning rehabilitation to determine productivity and survival rates after sublethal lead poisoning events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".