How the Integration of Payment Systems Through QRIS Accelerates Economic and Financial Cooperation in the ASEAN Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the opportunities, challenges, strengths, and weaknesses of payment systems, as well as the strategies for implementing regional payment connectivity through QRIS as an alternative for integrating payment systems in the ASEAN region.The research employs an exploratory mixed-methods approach, utilizing SWOT analysis and linear regression.Data sources include secondary data, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with 85 respondents from Bank Indonesia, local governments, academics, ASEAN tourists, and MSME actors across Batam, Yogyakarta, and West Nusa Tenggara.The findings indicate that QRIS has a positive impact on the economies of ASEAN countries.As part of the ASEAN financial system, QRIS demonstrates strong characteristics due to its well-balanced strengths and weaknesses in trade transactions.As a result, opportunities and threats have become the government's focus in enhancing trade interactions across the region.Furthermore, QRIS serves as a viable alternative for integrating payment systems in ASEAN, particularly in the trade, MSME, and tourism sectors.To maximize its potential, policymakers should enhance cross-border regulatory frameworks, promote financial literacy among MSMEs, and strengthen digital infrastructure to support seamless transactions across ASEAN countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".