Versatile Optoelectronic Oscillator for Single-Frequency, Dual-Frequency, and Mode-Locking Oscillation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We demonstrate a versatile optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) that can seamlessly switch between single-frequency, dual-frequency, and mode-locking oscillation modes. The OEO operates by shaping the spectrum of an ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) source into a cosine profile to generate multiple taps that create a microwave photonic (MWP) finite impulse response (FIR) filter through fiber dispersion. By programming the spectrum of the ASE source, we can produce multiple independent RF passbands with wide frequency tunability. Consequently, our OEO exhibits a broad frequency tuning range from 3.05 GHz to 11.12 GHz for both single-frequency and mode-locking oscillation modes. In the dual-frequency mode, the two microwave signals can be independently adjusted, covering ranges of 3.05 GHz to 3.96 GHz and 6.29 GHz to 7.41 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, our OEO shows excellent frequency stability with frequency drifts remaining below 0.2 kHz over 5 minutes in mode-locking mode without the need for any frequency stabilization. Finally, the entire structure is composed of a single cavity, making our OEO both cost-effective and compact.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".