Investigation of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) Resistance to Mesotrione (Group 27: HPPD Inhibitors) in Mississippi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Palmer amaranth is one of the most problematic and damaging weeds in agronomic crops throughout the southern United States. Greenhouse research was conducted at the Delta Research and Extension Center in 2020 and 2021, to investigate possible Palmer amaranth resistance to mesotrione (Callisto) and its distribution in Mississippi. Palmer amaranth from various Counties (random) of Mississippi were sampled in 2017. Seedheads from about 52 samples (from different County) were processed to obtain clean seed. In 2020, forty of the Palmer amaranth populations out of 52 samples tested had survivors ranging from 1 to 53% from 1 X rate (0.105 kg ai ha-1) of mesotrione application. Palmer amaranth control from mesotrione application was less than 60% for the Bolivar-1, Bolivar-2, Bolivar-4, Holmes-1, Leflore-1, Leflore-3, Tonica-4, and Washington-5 Counties (ranging from 41 to 53% survivors). In 2021, seeds from survivor plants (F1 progeny) were planted on September 21, 2021, in a tray and emerged on September 24. Seedlings were thinned to about 100 plants per population and sprayed at 2- to 4-leaf stage on October 13 with mesotrione at 0.105 (1 X = recommended rate), 0.21 (2 X), and 0.42 (4 X) kg ai ha-1 + COC at 1% v/v. The F1 progeny from Warren-3, Leflore-1, Sunflower-3, Tallahatchie-3, and Tunica-4 had 56, 57, 70, 86, and 88% survivors from mesotrione application at 4X rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".