Social wellbeing in forest-dependent communities: a focus on the importance of wild mushrooms in northern Zambia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are relevant for forest communities around the world. Within this context, income and dietary outcomes have been widely analyzed as the primary outcome measures. However, the emphasis on material gains and income obscures the experiences, social relations, and the motivations of common resource users. Situating wild food use and consumption within cultural traditions and social relations provides a more holistic understanding of the contributions these resources make to rural livelihoods. This emphasis is important given rapid land use changes and high rates of deforestation. The present study contributes to this research gap by examining the significance of wild mushroom value chains for people’s material and non-material social well-being in two rural communities in northern Zambia. Wild mushrooms make important contributions to the consumption and economic needs of rural households in Zambia, with evidence suggesting that poorer households and women are often more likely to depend on and derive greater benefits from their sale and use. A social wellbeing lens can help draw policy attention to the non-material benefits of NTFP value chains and add value to our understanding of the social and economic dynamics in forest-dependent communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".