Enhancing Cognitive Functioning in Dementia Through Art Therapy: A Randomized Trial Based on the Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC) Framework (Améliorer le fonctionnement cognitif chez les personnes atteintes de démence par l’art-thérapie : Un essai randomisé fondé sur le Continuum des thérapies expressives [CTE])
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study (RCT) investigated the impact of Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC)-based art therapy on cognitive function and quality of life among older adults with dementia living in a complex care setting. Over four months, participants underwent 10 art therapy sessions, while an active control group engaged in 10 standard art sessions. Assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and the Older People’s Quality of Life (OPQOL-Brief) questionnaires. Results suggested that participants exhibited similar visual expression elements, media preferences, and ETC-based intervention entry levels. Notably, the experimental group experienced significant increases in OPQOL-Brief scores, and MMSE-Language scores significantly increased in the experimental group while decreasing in the control group. These findings align with existing evidence-based research, demonstrating that art therapy can enhance cognitive function and quality of life in older adults with dementia. While the study contributes valuable preliminary evidence to the growing literature on art therapy for dementia, its exploratory findings warrant further research with larger samples. This study also provides new insights into expressive and stylistic elements, preferred media, and ETC entry-level in art-making for individuals with dementia, informing future personalized art therapy interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".