Shirin’s Petition: an Enslaved Hazara Woman’s Quest for Justice in the Late 19th Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This article examines the life of an enslaved woman named Shirin, the daughter of Mir Muhammad ʿAzim Big, who was captured during the Afghan state’s war against the Hazaras (1891–1893). While in captivity, Shirin petitioned the Afghan government regarding the circumstances under which her family’s properties were seized. Drawing on documents from the National Archives of Afghanistan, colonial archives, and oral accounts, among other sources, this article reconstructs the life of Shirin and her family from the start of the war to its tragic conclusion. We argue that Shirin’s petition not only highlights her legal struggles with Afghan bureaucracy but also offers a rare glimpse into the Hazara War from the perspective of an enslaved woman who, along with her family, endured immense injustices. A contribution to the history of slavery in Afghanistan, this article also presents the full texts of the petition and the Afghan amir’s response to it.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".