Endotypes of chronic spontaneous urticaria and angioedema
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The current understanding of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) suggests that a complex network of inflammatory pathways is involved in its pathogenesis. Recent development highlighted autoimmunity as one of the key pathogenic mechanisms of CSU. Two endotypes, type I autoallergic (associated with IgE antibodies against autoantigens) and type IIb autoimmune (mediated by IgG autoantibodies against IgE or its high-affinity receptor [FcεRI]), have been characterized. A subpopulation of the patients has an overlap of the 2 endotypes. About 10% of patients with CSU present with only angioedema. Patients with isolated mast cell-mediated angioedema have distinct clinical and demographic features and should be distinguished from bradykinin-mediated angioedema. Multiple potential biomarkers such as total IgE level and IgG anti-thyroid peroxidase have been identified and, together with the corresponding endotypes, have been linked to disease severity, duration, and response to treatments. Currently, the use of these biomarkers is limited in clinical settings given the few options of therapy. However, with the advent of novel treatments, endotyping CSU might help with tailoring treatment approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".