The Scope for Agency and the Role of Individuals in UN Peace Operations
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Peacekeeping, often portrayed as a collective endeavour governed by the United Nations Security Council, is, in practice, deeply contingent on the agency of individuals, who must interpret and implement complex mandates. Academic recognition of the role played by individuals has grown recently, and existing research has gone some way to showing how the effects of individuals can be assessed empirically. Yet work in this area is relatively nascent. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of how micro-level dynamics interact with structural forces, and of the overall scope for individual agency in peace operations. An emphasis on individual agency raises a series of pressing questions, which animate the contributions to this special section. These include questions about the effects of personal attributes, like nationality or level of education, on behaviour; the impact of individuals on strategic culture and operational norms within a mission; individuals’ capacity to bring about change amid structural constraints; and questions about methodological challenges that arise when studying these micro-level dynamics. In addressing these questions, the special section contributes to ongoing scholarly debates and to contemporary peacekeeping practice, embedding the study of individual agency within broader analytical frameworks and exploring its critical role in shaping peacekeeping outcomes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it