Dynamics of dissolved carbohydrates during the spring sea ice melt season in the Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In spring 2016, the temporal evolution of organic carbon and carbohydrate concentrations was monitored in and under the sea ice during the microalgal–ice algae and subsequent phytoplankton–productive periods in western Baffin Bay (Canadian Arctic). The results showed that total carbohydrates (TCHO) closely followed total organic carbon, with the highest concentrations observed in the bottom-most few centimeters of sea ice (mean 186 µM C, n = 22). Such organic matter accumulation likely comprises labile organic matter, reflecting the presence of a concentrated algal biomass, as suggested by the significant correlation between TCHO and chlorophyll a ( r = 0.625, p < 0.05). Compositionally, the bottom-most ice core was dominated by monosaccharides, which accounted for 38%–90% of TCHO, and were probably the result of an important in situ exoenzymatic activity of polysaccharides. Conversely, total dissolved carbohydrates in the underlying water did not follow dissolved organic carbon patterns and were dominated by dissolved polysaccharides, indicating that carbohydrates may have multiple sources, not solely from microalgae in either pelagic or sympagic (ice-associated) environments. Overall, our results suggest significant differences in carbohydrate dynamics between sea ice and the under-ice water, despite the strong coupling of these systems during ice melt, highlighting the complexity of the processes occurring within these ecosystems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".