Wild juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) offer insights into movement patterns of territorial freshwater fishes in relation to high temperature and proximity to thermal refuges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
When exposed to increased water temperatures, salmonids abandon territories and relocate to areas of cool water (thermal refuges). Using juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a model species, our study, conducted over two seasons (2009 and 2010) with 636 salmon parr tagged by Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) across 9 km of the Little Southwest Miramichi river, investigated the effects of high temperature stress on their movement. We aimed to determine the extent of their travel to thermal refuges, primary direction, duration within these refuges, and post-event redistribution. In 2009, despite temperatures peaking at 26.1˚C, no significant parr aggregations were noted. However, 2010 experienced notable changes: temperatures exceeding 27.3˚C for four days prompted 32.7% of the parr to form aggregations, with movements significantly greater than in 2009 (p < 0.001), peaking at 7.4 km. Most migrations were localized within specific river reaches. By late fall, 92.3% of parr returned to or near their original tagging locations. These observations underscore the importance of thermal refuges and the adaptive strategies juvenile salmon employ during extreme temperature events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".