Microenvironment, reproductive tactics and morphology in Mediterranean <i>Salamandra</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The genus Salamandra encompasses several species of terrestrial salamanders distributed throughout the Western Palaearctic ecoregion. These salamanders exhibit substantial variation in their colouration patterns, ranging from almost entirely black to yellow, as well as in their reproductive strategies, with some populations showing direct development of juveniles. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic variation among five species of the genus Salamandra: Salamandra algira Bedriaga, 1883, Salamandra atra Laurenti, 1768, Salamandra corsica Savi, 1838, Salamandra lanzai Nascetti, Andreone, Capula, and Bullini, 1988, and Salamandra salamandra (Linnaeus, 1758), and 16 subspecies. Microclimatic conditions of their habitats were monitored using temperature and humidity probes across 78 sites over a minimum period of 1 year. Blomberg’s K indicated that the diversification in thermal niches is phylogenetically constrained, with closely related subspecies occupying environments with similar maximum temperatures. Direct juvenile development and atypical patterns of body colouration (predominantly yellow or black) occur in habitats with higher environmental humidity. However, larviparous and typical coloured morphs can also be present in habitats with comparable humidity levels. This suggests that while high humidity may not be the sole factor driving these divergences, it could facilitate shifts into new environmental niches and the emergence of novel adaptive phenotypes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".