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Record W4409360368 · doi:10.5864/d2025-001

Evaluating rabies content on Ontario public health unit websites

2025· article· en· W4409360368 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Kaitlyn Irving, Lenora Duhn, Jordan Tustin

Bibliographic record

VenueEnvironmental Health Review · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldImmunology and Microbiology
TopicRabies epidemiology and control
Canadian institutionsToronto Metropolitan UniversityQueen's University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRabiesPublic healthUnit (ring theory)VirologyMedicinePsychologyNursing

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease that is preventable through vaccines. Despite this, it remains a significant public health concern, highlighting the need for effective information dissemination. This study evaluated the availability, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of rabies-related content on the websites of 34 public health units (PHUs) in Ontario, Canada. To our knowledge, no prior research has examined these websites, making this study novel and urgently needed, especially considering the recent rabies case confirmed in Brantford-Brant on September 6, 2024. Key aspects of the disease, including transmission, symptoms, prevention strategies, high-risk populations, and rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (RPEP) were assessed. Findings revealed, while most PHUs provided basic information, there are noteworthy gaps regarding high-risk populations and clear RPEP guidelines. Out of the 34 PHUs reviewed, inconsistencies were noted, with 17.7% of websites containing incorrect information, 26.5% presenting misleading content, 67.7% offering incomplete information, and 17.7% providing outdated data. These communication gaps could undermine rabies prevention efforts in Ontario. Standardizing information across PHU websites is vital to improving public understanding, ensuring effective disease management, and enhancing health care providers’ capacity to deliver timely advice. Addressing these issues will help to strengthen public health outcomes and build trust in public health authorities.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.826
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.252
GPT teacher head0.392
Teacher spread0.140 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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