Birth by Caesarean section and female offspring’s risk of Caesarean section delivery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the association of birth by Caesarean section (CS) with female offspring's risk of CS delivery. METHODS: We used data from the 3G Multigenerational Cohort, which includes women whose births and their own subsequent pregnancies and deliveries were recorded in the population-based Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database. The current analysis was limited to the women's first delivery (n = 23,605). Confounding variables were identified using a directed acyclic graph. The association between birth by CS and later CS delivery was examined with Poisson regression adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS: Seventeen percent of women were born via CS, and 23 % delivered by CS. Compared to women born vaginally, women born by CS had an adjusted relative risk (RR) of 1.36 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.30, 1.43) for delivering by CS. Restricting the sample to women born to nulliparous mothers did not change the association (RR 1.35), while restriction to women born out of low-risk pregnancies weakened it slightly (RR 1.25). CONCLUSIONS: Birth by CS is associated with a 36 % increased risk of women delivering their first child by CS. This increase is likely due to shared medical and socio-cultural factors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".