Perceptions of caffeine among high school students in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: This clinical cross-sectional study examines the perceptions of caffeine consumption among high school students in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area. The purpose of the study is to gain insight into the motives behind caffeine consumption among this population. Methods: A total of 2273 high school students participated in the study by anonymously filling out an online questionnaire via Cognito forms. The motives behind caffeine consumption can be influenced by the perceptions students hold about caffeine and its effects. Results: This study reveals that a high proportion (97.2%) of the surveyed high school students reported daily caffeine consumption. Over 80% of these students were consuming more than 100 mg of caffeine per day, surpassing the daily limit recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and policies aimed at promoting healthier caffeine consumption habits among high school students. The findings of this study have implications for healthcare professionals, policymakers, and parents in understanding adolescent caffeine consumption patterns and providing effective interventions to promote healthy habits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".