Cephalopod distribution and ecology over the high Arctic shelves in the Laptev, East-Siberian, and Beaufort seas
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The high Arctic shelves are the particularly understudied area of the Arctic. Climate change is predicted to cause increase in primary production with cascading effect on the Arctic ecosystems, and predicted increased ship traffic through the now-ice-free areas will create anthropogenic disturbance. Thus, understanding the high Arctic shelves is required. The cephalopods are ecologically important in the area, but severely understudied. We use recent samples (2014–2019) and reuse existing literature data (1901–1998) from the Siberian and Canadian high Arctic shelves to assess distribution and ecology of cephalopods. The fauna composition of these shelves is similar, and includes two benthic octopods and two nekto-benthic bobtail squids, and two more species over the adjacent slopes. Distribution limits are updated for all shelf species, and associated environmental parameters allow for better understanding of their realised niches. The reproduction of studied cephalopods occurs from July to November, and the hatching period throughout the summer. Crustaceans are their main prey, but several more taxa are found in the stomach contents. The prey sizes range from ∼7% to ˃100% of the respective cephalopod size. Climate-driven changes in predator and prey composition are predicted to be the main drivers of the future climate change impact on cephalopods over the high Arctic shelves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".