Analysis of risk factors of social frailty in older adults living with HIV/AIDS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a predictor of mortality, accidental disability, depressive symptoms, and other adverse outcomes in the older population, social frailty has yet to receive attention among older adults living with HIV/AIDS. Therefore, this study, using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Random Forest (RF), aims to analyze the current status and risk factors of social frailty in older adults living with HIV/AIDS and provides a basis for its prevention and reversal. From January to December 2024, a total of 335 older adults living with HIV/AIDS (≥ 50 years old) receiving outpatient treatment at a tertiary hospital in Zunyi, Guizhou, China, were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a general information questionnaire (demographic and clinical disease), the HALFT scale for social frailty, the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), the Barthel Index (BI), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). Data processing and analysis were conducted using SPSS 29.0, Python 3.11, and R 4.3.1. Among the 335 older adults living with HIV/AIDS, 105 cases (31.34%) exhibited social frailty. LASSO regression was used for validation, and based on the lambda.min value (λ = 0.0127), 12 relevant variables with non-zero coefficients were selected from 26 variables. These 12 variables were then incorporated into the RF model, which identified that older adults living with HIV/AIDS with reduced activities of daily living (ADL), lack of exercise, cognitive impairment, depression, lower social support, older age, sleep disorders, low CD4 + lymphocyte counts, low per capita household income, complications, smoking history, and those enrolled in China’s free antiretroviral therapy (ART) program faced a higher risk of social frailty. The top five risk factors in order of importance were ADL, exercise, cognitive impairment, depression, and social support. The incidence of social frailty is relatively high among older adults living with HIV/AIDS. The risk factors include ADL, exercise, cognitive impairment, depression, social support, age, sleep disorders, CD4 + lymphocyte count, per capita household income, complications, smoking history, and participation in China’s free ART program. This highlights the importance of healthcare institutions and community healthcare workers addressing social frailty in older adults living with HIV/AIDS. Early identification of the risk factors can help prevent or reverse the onset and progression of social frailty, improving prognosis and quality of life. It also provides a theoretical foundation for developing targeted intervention measures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".