Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The entangled nature of the histories of health and immigration in Argentina between 1870 and 1950 have often been overlooked. The centrality of immigrants in public health discussions, the place of health in border regulation, and the role of immigrants themselves in providing health care are examples of several ways that scholars of both health and immigration could think more about one another’s fields. Historical studies of health often look at a specific ailment (such as tuberculosis, trachoma, venereal disease, or mental illness), and immigrants play a small role in those stories, usually appearing as the objects of doctors and officials’ concerns. Yet the fact that foreigners were commonly discussed and disproportionately targeted could instead push scholars to reconceptualize these histories. Both hospitals and mutual aid societies run by immigrants made up an important part of the health care systems in many Argentine cities starting in the final third of the 19th century. Yet they are conspicuously absent in a field that looks overwhelmingly at the role of the state and the Catholic Church in the provision of health care. Hospitals and mutual aid societies’ focus on health care are also absent in Argentine immigration historiography, even though hospitals were the largest immigrant-run institutions in country in this entire period, and health was the main focus of mutual aid societies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".