Does the time to the onset of lupus nephritis impact renal disease presentation and outcomes?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Lupus nephritis (LN) most commonly develops in the initial years after Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) onset. We aimed to investigate the impact of the time to LN onset on the clinical presentation and outcomes of LN. METHODS: We included 246 inception cohort patients who developed LN during follow-up. We categorized patients into three groups based on the time to LN onset: group 1 (early, ≤1 year, 160 patients), group 2 (intermediate, >1 to ≤5 years, 42 patients), and group 3 (delayed, >5 years, 44 patients). The outcomes assessed were complete proteinuria recovery (CPR) at one year, the occurrence of an adverse composite outcome (end-stage kidney disease [ESKD], a sustained ≥40 % decline in eGFR, or death), and the development of subsequent LN flares. Cox proportional hazard models were used to study associations with the outcomes. RESULTS: At baseline, the median [IQR] age was 34.3 [26.2, 44.7] years, with a median disease duration of 0.6 [0.2, 2.6] years. Delayed LN patients were older at baseline, had higher SDI, used glucocorticoids and immunosuppressives less frequently, and were less likely to achieve CPR at 1 year. Early LN patients had the lowest risk of developing the adverse composite outcome. In the Cox models, compared to early LN, intermediate LN was associated with an increased risk of developing the adverse composite outcome and showed a trend towards a higher association with subsequent LN flares. CONCLUSIONS: Intermediate LN, occurring between the first and fifth year after SLE onset, is associated with the worst renal outcomes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".