Text Geolocation Prediction via Self-Supervised Learning
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Text geolocation prediction aims to infer the geographic location of text with text semantics, serving as a fundamental task for various geographic applications. As the mainstream approach, the deep learning-based methods follow the supervised learning paradigms, which rely heavily on a large amount of labeled samples to train model parameters. To address this limitation, this paper presents a method for text geolocation prediction without labeled samples, namely GeoSG (Geographic Self-Supervised Geolocation) model, which leverages self-supervised learning to improve text geolocation prediction in situations where labeled samples are unavailable. Specifically, GeoSG integrates spatial distance and hierarchical constraints to characterize the interactions of POIs and text in a geographic relationship graph. And it designs two self-supervised tasks to train a shared network to learn the relationships among POIs and texts. Finally, the text geolocations are inferred based on the trained shared network. Experimental results on two datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines and is robust. This study provides a methodological reference for geolocating various text documents and offers a solution for numerous geographic intelligence tasks that lack labeled samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".